Suchergebnisse

A survey of Bulgarian ergonomics was conducted which included a review of the historical development of this field, research activities, educational programs, and the application of ergonomic principles within industry and the design institutes. Bulgarian ergonomics has a strong physiological character in contrast to the heavy influence of psychology in U. S. human factors. The network of ergonomics activities across national, regional, and local industrial plant levels is perhaps the most highly organized and comprehensive extension of ergonomics concern of any country in the world. This report discusses differences in approach between the Bulgarian and American human factors specialist.

An attempt is made to define the metamorphosis of the human factors area since World War II. While excellent work has been accomplished on problems relating to the detailed design of systems components, there is a significant lack of information relating to the gross problems of systems design. The need for research in this important area is emphasized. A plea is made for relating future work to the fine foundation that exists in the behavioral and biological sciences. The problems associated with one important area, space travel, are discussed from the point of view of solving them by extending investigations already completed or underway in relevant areas of the behavioral and biological sciences. The problem of applying available principles to actual design problems is discussed. Investigations that would disclose the generality of the basic principles already available would be of enormous benefit to those engaged in the application of human factors knowledge to the design of components and systems.

A survey of Romanian ergonomics was conducted which included a review of ongoing research activities, visits to industrial plants, and a look at educational programs. Ergonomics in Romania is now emerging as a separate discipline. While still overshadowed by its older brothers, selection and training, there is considerable interest and activity in this relatively new field. The Romanians may well play a key role in helping to synthesize ergonomics efforts in the East and West by virtue of their unique geographical and political position.

Identification of user expectations and requirements, which is vital to the successful implementation of architectural programs, can be achieved through the application of behavioral science and human factors techniques to the professional practice of architecture. The taxonomy of informational objectives stresses analytic techniques based on direct observation of user behavior.

The majority of errors, litigation, and complaints in the health service are due to 'human factors', yet the term is still not widely understood and is sometimes used interchangeably to refer to team training or communication skills. Although including these, the subject of 'human factors' goes far beyond this to look at systems, environmental influences, and interactions with equipment, in addition to self-awareness and human interaction. All of these aspects are captured inHuman Factors in Healthcare and are built into a new framework: the SHEEP model, which breaks down into five key areas

This paper briefly reviews the first participation of human factors engineering in the identification and solution of manufacturing problems at Lockheed Missiles and Space Company. Electronics manufacturing management recognized the need for human factors engineering when new programs, more stringent quality requirements, and hiring of unskilled personnel gave rise to process control problems. During a six-month study period, many problems in the manufacturing area were discovered and reported, and those judged most critical were selected for detailed analysis and resolution. Many of the resulting recommendations were adopted, including major changes in design of manufacturing work stations.

The opportunity and the need to apply human factors concepts and techniques to problems in medicine are discussed. Directions in which such efforts should be exerted are described. Five specific problem areas considered include health manpower shortages, medical education shortcomings, medical information system needs, diagnostic and treatment instrumentation, and the effects of medical procedures on behavior and performance.

This paper covers the published research in the area of human factors in India since 1955 under the following subheadings: (1) physiology and anthropometry, (2) accidents, (3) stress, (4) abilities requirements and performance, (5) decision making, and (6) displays.

The field of human factors is analyzed in an effort to discover its scope and organization. Three orthogonal partitions of the field serve to define eight mutually exclusive, jointly exhaustive, and interdependent sectors. These are considered separately.